The Harmful Effects of Ocean Pollution, and What We Can Do to Help.

One of the biggest problems humanity is facing today is ocean pollution. Since the 20th century (and even before) pollution has become a rising problem and unfortunately today, not many people are informed about it and the effects that could permanently damage the way we live our lives. In honour of Earth month, here is everything about ocean pollution you need to know.

What is ocean pollution?

Ocean pollution, also known as marine pollution, is a combined mixture of trash and different chemicals, which are created by humans on land, that are then exposed to the ocean. According to the National Geographic, there are around 5.2 trillion scattered pieces of plastic in the ocean.

Harmful effects of ocean pollution

• Destruction of biodiversity

H2O pollutants can prevent organisms in the water from responding to increased temperature of water due to climate change. When this happens, it becomes harder for aquatic species to control thermal intolerance, which serves as a threat to their survival.

• Disrupted food chain

Water pollution affects the food chain in many ways. One way is bioaccumulation, which is when an organism in the water consumes another organism and in the process, consumes the pollutants in the animal’s body. This causes higher levels of death of aquatic species, and decreases the amount of edible seafood for humans, as the process of bioaccumulation spreads in the water due to pollution.

Water pollution also leads to eutrophication. This means that there is an excessive amount of nutrients in the water. This kills fish because of the lack of oxygen, and is mainly caused by agricultural runoff which travels to oceans from big rivers.

• Lack of potable water

Places with poor sewage systems may not be able to fully get rid of bacteria from water pollutants. Sadly, many people who consume water from poor sewage are exposed to many preventable diseases, like diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid, and more. This also leads to increased rates of infant mortality. According to UNICEF (2015), 1800 children under the age of five die everyday due to unsafe water sources.

• Climate change

Toxic chemicals made by humans that cause water pollution may generate greenhouse gasses, which could consequently contribute to global warming. The nutrients in the ocean cause carbon dioxide to be released into the oceans, which is a leading greenhouse gas.

Ways you can help stop ocean pollution

1. Reduce the amount of pollutants you use.

Use more nontoxic chemicals, and dispose of chemicals properly, to make sure that it does not later become a water pollutant.

2. Reduce waste

Similar to method one, reuse waste if you are able to, like different forms of plastics.

3. Shop wisely

There are many ways to shop wisely, but some examples are to buy sustainable seafood, purchase items with less plastic, and to use a reusable bag when going shopping.

4. Reduce your use of CO2

A leading factor of CO2 production is vehicle usage, so if possible, use fuel efficient vehicles, carpool, or use gas-free vehicles like bikes.

5. Decrease your energy usage

One way of decreasing energy usage is by purchasing energy efficient light bulbs.

6. Conserve water

Use water more efficiently so the excess does not flow into the ocean.

7. Volunteer

Volunteer for pollutant cleanups in your community.